Cholinergic Drugs Classification | Adrenergic Drugs Classification |

 Cholinergic Drugs

(Cholinomimetic, Parasympathomimetic)

CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS

• Choline esters:
• Acetylcholine,
• Methacholine,
• Carbachol,
• Bethanechol
• Alkaloids:
• Muscarine,
•  Pilocarpine,
•  Arecoline

ANTICHOLINESTERASES

Reversible

• Carbamates:
• Physostigmine (Eserine),
• Neostigmine,
•  Pyridostigmine,
• Edrophonium,
• Rivastigmine
•  Donepezil
• Galantamine
• Acridine:
• Tacrine

Irreversible

1. Organophosphates:

• Dyflos (DFP), Echothiophate,
• Malathione
•  Diazinon
• Tabun
• Sarin
• Soman

    2.  Carbamates:

•  Carbaryl
•  Propoxur

Anticholinergic Drugs

(Muscarinic receptor antagonists, Parasympatholytic, Atropinic)

Natural alkaloids

• Atropine,
• Hyoscine (Scopolamine).

Semisynthetic derivatives

• Homatropine,
•  Atropine
•  methonitrate,
• Hyoscine butyl bromide,
• Ipratropium bromide,
• Tiotropium bromide.

Synthetic compounds

(a)Mydriatics:

• 
  
• Cyclopentolate,
• Tropicamide

 (b)Antisecretory-antispasmodics:

(i) Quaternary compounds:

• Propantheline,
• Oxyphenonium,
• Clidinium,
• Pipenzolate methylbromide,
• Isopropamide,
• Glycopyrrolate.

(ii) Tertiary amines:

• Dicyclomine,
• Valethamate,
• Pirenzepine.

(c) Vasicoselective:

• Oxybutynin,
• Flavoxate,
• Tolterodine.

(d)Antiparkinsonian:

• Trihexyphenidyl (Benzhexol),
• Biperiden.

           Adrenergic Drugs

(Sympathomimetics)

    2. Directly acting

• Adrenaline,
• Noradrenaline,
• Isoprenaline,
•  Dopamine,
• Phenylephrine,
•  Methoxamine,
• Xylometazoline,
• Salbutamol

  2 . Indirectly acting

• Tyramine
• Mixed action
• Ephedrine,
•  Amphetamine,
•  Mephentermine

 3. THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION

 i  . Pressor agents

• Noradrenaline
• Phenylephrine
• Ephedrine
• Methoxamine
• Dopamine
• Mephentermine

ii .Cardiac stimulants

• Adrenaline
• Dobutamine
• Isoprenaline

iii. Bronchodilators

• Isoprenaline
• Bambuterol
• Salbutamol (Albuterol)
• Salmeterol
• Terbutaline
• Formoterol

Nasal decongestants

CNS stimulants

• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine
• Dexamphetamine
• Anorectics
• Fenfluramine
• Sibutramine
• Dexfenfluramine
• Uterine relaxant and vasodilators
• Ritodrine
• Salbutamol
• Isoxsuprine
• Terbutaline

 Drugs Used for Glaucoma

 β-adrenergic blockers: 

• Timolol,
• Betaxolol,
• Levobunolol,
• Cartiolol,
•  Metipranolol.

 α-adrenergic agonists:

• Adrenaline,
• Dipivefrine,
• Apraclonidine,
• Brimonidine.

 Prostaglandin analogues:

• Latanoprost,
•  Isopropyl
• unoprostone,
•  Travoprost,
• Bimatoprost.

Miotics:

• Pilocarpine
• Physostigmine.
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:
• Acetazolamide,
• Dorzolamide.

Osmotic diuretics:

• Mannitol,
•  Glycerol (Glycerine).

 GANGLION BLOCKING AGENTS

A. Competitive blockers

Quaternary ammonium compounds

• Hexamethonium,
• Pentolinium

Amines (secondary/tertiary)

• Mecamylamine,
• Pempidine

Monosulfonium compound

• Trimethaphan camforsulfonate

B. Persistent depolarising blockers

• Nicotine (large dose)
• Anticholinesterases (large dose)

GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS

Selective nicotinic  agonists

• Nicotine (small dose)
• Lobeline
• Dimethylphenyl
• piperazinium iodide
• Tetramethyl ammonium
• (TMA)
• Varenicline

Nonselective/muscarinic agonists

• Acetylcholine
• Carbachol
• Pilocarpine
• Anticholinesterases
• (DMPP) MCN 343-A

 α-Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Non equilibrium type

• β-Haloalkylamines:
• Phenoxybenzamine
• Equilibrium type (competitive)
• 
  

A.Nonselective

(i) Ergot alkaloids:

•  Ergotamine,
• Ergotoxine

(ii) Hydrogenated ergot alkaloids:

• Dihydroergotamine (DHE),
•  Dihydroergotoxine

(iii) Imidazolines:

• Tolazoline,
• Phentolamine

(iv) Miscellaneous:

• Chlorpromazine,
• Ketanserin

B.α1  selective:

• Prazosin,
• Terazosin,
• Doxazosin,
•  Alfuzosin,
• Tamsulosin

C.α2  selective:

• Yohimbine